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Today's Verse Analysis

Spoken to
audience
KJV Verse

Matthew 18:12 How think ye? if a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray?

NIV Verse:

Matthew 18:12 What do you think? If a man owns a hundred sheep, and one of them wanders away, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go to look for the one that wandered off?

What His Listeners Heard:

What seems likely to you? When  a hundred sheep belongs to any man, and one wanders away from them. Won't he certainly not leave that ninety-nine upon the mountains and, walking, he searches for the one wandering.

Lost In Translation:

This verse may be the epitome of Jesus's mastery of wordplay, not just in the choice of words, which could be captured in translation but isn't, but also in the word order creates suspense and surprise that is way lost in any translation. He does this by putting the verbs first, following later, after misleading words, with the subject. For the listener, his words offer a series of surprises, a roller coaster of shifting meanings.

For example, the second clause beginning six words in Greek. It seems to start, "When it becomes," but the "becomes" is followed by an indirect object "to some man." This changes the meaning of "becomes" to "produced or belongs." Still no subject. Then comes the "hundred," which doesn't seem to indicate a subject either because the subject is singular and a hundred is plural.  Then, finally, the subject noun appears, "sheep," which, though plural matches the singular verb because plural neuter nouns like "sheep" are usually treated as a single conglomeration. Everything works out as perfectly grammatical Greek, but what a wild ride for the listener.

The word translated as "gone astray/wonders" also begins its clause, and its meaning also changes as the rest of the cause is revealed. First, its verbal form makes it part of the "when" clause, something that might happen along with a man owning a hundred sheep. The verb could mean "wanders" or "be misled." The subject, "one" doesn't clarify what is happening since it could refer either to one sheep or the flock. The meaning doesn't become clear until the phrase "away from them."

The ending of this verse plays a similar trick on the listener, one that can be understood only by tone of voice. The initial words say the exact opposite of Jesus's meaning until we realized that it is a question. It literally says "Certainly he won't leave the ninety-nine sheep on a mountain...." This makes perfect sense, but what happens to the meaning if inflection changes this phrase into question? It then becomes, "Certainly, won't he leave the ninety-nine on a mountain?" Same exact words. Opposite meaning. It is like a magic trick.

And yet look at the below analysis to see how this verse cramped into a simple, "no fun" meaning.

KJV w/Translation Issues :

 How(CW) think(CW) ye? if(CW) a(WW) man(WF) (MW) have an hundred sheep, and one of(CW) them be(CW) gone astray, doth(WW) he not(CW) leave the ninety and nine, and(IW) goeth(WF) into(CW) the mountains(WP), and(IW) seeketh that which is gone(WF) astray?_

KJV List (See full page for word-by-word analysis):
For analysis of each word of original Greek and biblical verses, click here.

Constantly Updated

My analysis standards and methods are constantly improving. New information on each verse is provided as articles are updated. It requires approximately two years for me to work through updating each of Jesus's verses.

What Jesus's Listeners Heard

The everyday meanings of the Greek words Jesus used were different than the definitions they have been given over time in biblical translation. The word translations here are based upon documents of his time such as the Greek Septuagint, not ideas unknown in his time.

About this Site

See what Jesus said in Greek and see how his words are changed in English translation. My goal is to translate Jesus's words as they were heard when he taught, not the way they are interpreted today. The work here resurrects the humor and cleverness of Jesus's words lost in translation.

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Each article provides detailed information on all the Greek words in each verse with links simplifying your own research. It compares the Greek to popular translations to show where words are confused, changed, left out, and added. This site offers research available nowhere else, such as how often Jesus uses a specific Greek word and links to a list of every verse in which he uses a given word.