Jesus looks down on Jerusalem and weeps, and he describes the coming destruction of Jerusalem.
Luke 19:43 For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
Luke 19:43 Before long your enemies will build ramparts against your walls and encircle you and close in on you from every side.
Because times shall come upon you and those hated of yours will toss a palisade around you and they shall encircle you and collapse you from every side.
The words "trench/ramparts" meaning "palisade" is used by Jesus only in this verse. So are the verbs "compass/encircle" and "keep in/close in". This last word has the specific meaning of "collapse". The ending word "on/from every side" is also used only in this verse.
We don't want to be back in the middle again!
For the(IW) days shall come upon thee, that(WW) thine (CW) enemies shall cast a trench(WW) about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "that" should be something more like "but".
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "enemies" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "tench" should be something more like "palisade".
- PP -- Paraphrase - The phrase "because times shall come" exists in the source but "before long" doesn't. This is three errors.
- MP - Missing Phrase - The phrase "upon you and" exists in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "enemies" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "build" should be something more like "toss around".
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "against" should be something more like "around".
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "palisades" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "you" is not a possessive but an object.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "walls" doesn't exist in the source.
For -- The word translated as "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause.
the - (IW) This is from the third-person, singular form of the participle, but since the participle acts on an adjective or a noun, it doesn't imply a subject.
days --The Greek word translated as "days" also means "time", in general, and refers specifically to the "daytime". There is no "the" before it, but since it is plural the article would usually be used in English.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
come -- The word translated as "shall come" is a complicated one because it indicates a "coming" that has been completed, that is, "to arrive" or, even, "to be present". As a metaphor, it means "to be a follower". This is NOT a form of the word usually translated as "come" in the Gospels, which is discussed in this article.
upon -- The word translated as "upon" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on".
thee -- The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
that -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "that" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). This word doesn't mean "that".
thine -- The word translated as "thine" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
enemies -- The Greek word translated as "enemies" means "the hated", "the hateful", "the hostile", "the enemy", "the alienated" and "the hating".
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
cast -- "Cast... about " is a verb that means "to throw around", "to put on", "to encompass", "to surround", "to bring under one's power" and so on. The verb could be the future or a subjunctive. This verb is only used in this verse by Jesus.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
trench --(WW) "Trench" is a Greek noun that Jesus only uses here which means "a pointed stake", "a pale" as part of a fortification, "a palisade", and a "cutting" from a tree, specifically the olive. The sense here is clearly a palisade, a wall of pointed posts. This word doesn't mean "trench".
about -- - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
thee -- The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". After words implying sameness "as".
compass --"Compass...round" is a verb that Jesus only uses here that means to "encircle", "encompass", "go around" and "surround an enemy". Like the previous verb, form could be the future or a subjunctive. This creates a rhyme.
thee, -- The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
round -- This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
keep -- "Keep" is an uncommon verb that means to be "joined together", to have shoulder "bent in or contracted" over the chest and "to collapse". The general sense is to be constrained by being pressed upon. Like the previous two verbs, form could be the future or a subjunctive. This creates a rhyme.
thee -- The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
in -- This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
on every side, -- "On every side" is an adverb only used here that means "from all quarters" and "from every side".
Before long -- (PP) The Greek words meaning "because times shall come" here are not translated but instead their assumed meaning is paraphrased into different words.
missing "upon you and" -- -- (MP) The words here aren't translated with their correct meanings and forms.
your -- The word translated as " thine" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more.
enemies -- The Greek word translated as "enemies" means "the hated", "the hateful", "the hostile", "the enemy", "the alienated" and "the hating".
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense or a form that indicates possibility at some time. A "might" or "should" could work here or nothing at all in an "if/when/whoever" clause which implies a possibility. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
build -- (WW) "Build" is a verb that means "to throw around", "to put on", "to encompass", "to surround", "to bring under one's power" and so on. The verb could be the future or a subjunctive. This verb is only used in this verse by Jesus. This word doesn't mean "build".
ramparts -- (WN) "ramparts" is a Greek noun that Jesus only uses here which means "a pointed stake", "a pale" as part of a fortification, "a palisade" and a "cutting" from a tree, specifically the olive. The sense here is clearly a palisade, a wall of pointed posts. This word is not plural but singular.
against -- - (WW) This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix but the prefix means "around" not "against." This word doesn't mean "against".
your -- (WF) The "your" here is singular, referring to the city. This is not a possessive but an object.
walls -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also". After words implying sameness "as".
encircle --"Encircle " is a verb that Jesus only uses here that means to "encircle", "encompass", "go around" and "surround an enemy".
from every side.
you , -- The "you" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
close in on -- "Close in on" is an uncommon verb that means to be "joined together", to have shoulder "bent in or contracted" over the chest and "to collapse". The general sense is to be constrained by being pressed upon. Like the previous two verbs, the form could be the future or a subjunctive. This creates a rhyme.
you -- The "you" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
from every side, -- "From every side" is an adverb only used here that means "from all quarters" and "from every side".
ὅτι (adv/conj) "For" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that", "seeing that" and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what", "because", "since" and "wherefore".
ἥξουσιν (3rd pl aor subj act or 3rd pl fut ind act ) "Shall come" is heko, which means "to arrive", "to have come", "to be present", "to have reached a point", "to pass though a point" (geometry), "to have come back", "returned", "to have come to table", "concern", "relate to", "to depend upon" and, as a metaphor, "to be a follower".
ἡμέραι ( noun pl fem nom ) "Days" is hemera, which, as a noun, means "day", "a state or time of life", "a time" (poetic), "day break" and "day time". It is also and also has a second meaning, of "quiet", "tame" (animals), "cultivated" (crops), and "civilized" (people).
ἐπὶ (prep) "Upon" is epi, which means "on", "over", "upon", "at", "by", "before", "across", "after" in position, "during" and "against".
σε (pron 2nd sg acc) "Thee" is from se, the second person singular accusative pronoun.
καὶ (conj/adv) "That" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
παρεμβαλοῦσιν ( verb 3rd pl aor subj act or verb 3rd pl fut ind) "Shall cast" is periballo, which means "to throw around", "to put on", "to encompass", "to surround", "to bring under one's power", "amplify", "expand", "appropriate mentally", "comprehend", "to excel", "to surpass", "throw beyond" and "beat in throwing". In the passive, it means "to have put around oneself", "to be involved in" and "to have come into possession of one".
οἱ -- [821 verses](article pl masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".
ἐχθροί (adj pl masc nom) "Enemies" is echthros, which means "the hated", "the hateful", "the hostile", "the enemy", "the alienated" and "the hating".
σου (adj sg masc gen) "Thine" is sou which means "of you" and "your".
χάρακά [1 verse]( noun sg masc acc ) "Trench" is charax, which means "a pointed stake", "a pale" as part of a fortification, "a palisade" and a "cutting" from a tree, specifically the olive. The sense here is clearly a palisade, a wall of pointed posts.
σοι (pron 2nd sg dat) "The" is soi which is the singular, second person pronoun, "you".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just". After words implying sameness "as".
περικυκλώσουσίν [1 verse]( verb 3rd pl fut ind act or verb 3rd pl aor subj act) "Cast...round" is perikykloō, which means to "encircle", "encompass", "go around" and "surround an enemy".
σε (pron 2nd sg acc) "Thee" is from se the second person pronoun.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and" or "but". After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also". Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also" and "just".
συνέξουσίν [1 verse]( verb 3rd pl fut ind act ) "Keep" is from synecho, which means to be "joined together", to have shoulder "bent in or contracted" over the chest, and "to collapse". The general sense is to be constrained by being pressed upon. Like the previous two verbs, form could be the future or a subjunctive. This creates a rhyme.
σε (pron 2nd sg acc) "Thee" is from se the second person pronoun.
πάντοθεν, [1 verse](adv) "On every side" is from pantothen, which means "from all quarters" and "from every side".