The Parable of Money Usage
Luke 19:22 And he saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I was an austere man, taking up that I laid not down, and reaping that I did not sow:
Luke 19:22 His master replied, ‘I will judge you by your own words, you wicked servant! You knew, did you, that I am a hard man, taking out what I did not put in, and reaping what I did not sow?
He says to him, "From that mouth of yours I criticize you, worthless bondman. You knew that I myself, am a harsh man carrying off what I didn't place and reaping what I didn't seed.
This verse starts with "he says" in the present tense, which is odd, unless Jesus is implying that he himself is talking. The "judge" is also in an odd form which could be any tense, past, present, future, indicative or subjunctive. He has, is, will judge and might judge. This also makes this sound like the role of Jesus.
I want to be more careful about what I say.
λέγει αὐτῷ Ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου κρίνω σε, πονηρὲ δοῦλε:
He says to him, "From that mouth of yours I criticize you, worthless bondman.
ᾔδεις ὅτι ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρός εἰμι, αἴρων ὃ οὐκ ἔθηκα καὶ θερίζων ὃ οὐκ ἔσπειρα;
You knew that I myself, am a harsh man carrying off what I didn't place and reaping what I didn't seed.
And(OS) he saith unto him, Out of thine own(IW) mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I (MW) was(WT) an austere man, taking up that I laid not down(IW), and reaping that I did not sow:
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "and" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "own" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "mouth" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "myself" after "I" for emphasis.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The "was" indicates the past tense but the tense is present.
- CW --Confusing Word -- "Austere" is a kind interpretation of this word.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "down" doesn't exist in the source.
[His master(IP)] replied(WW, WT) (MW), ‘I will judge you [by your own words(PP2)], you wicked servant! You knew, [did you(IP)], that I (MW) am a hard man, taking out what I did not put in(IW), and reaping what I did not sow?
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "his master" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "replied" should be something more like "said."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "to him" after "replied" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The "replied" indicates the past tense but the tense is the present.
- PP -- Paraphrase - The phrase "out of that mouth of yours" exists in the source but " by your own words" doesn't. This counts as 2 errors.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "did you, " doesn't exist in the source.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "myself" after "I" for emphasis.
- CW --Confusing Word -- "Hard" is a kind interpretation of this word.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "in" doesn't exist in the source.
And -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as this in the source we use today but something does exist in the source that the KJV translators used but the word doesn't mean "and."
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
saith -- "Said" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach". Strangely, it is in the present tense.
unto -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.
Out of -- The Greek preposition translated as "out of" means "out of" or "from." In Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases with usually use with "of."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
thine -- The "your" here is the singular, possessive (genitive) form the second-person pronoun. When it follows the noun, "of yours." As an object, it indicates movements or positions away from something.
own -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. This is usually associated with a reflexive pronoun, which is not used here.
mouth -- The Greek word translated as "mouth" is means "mouth" and therefore, "speech" or "utterance." In English, we say someone has a "foul mouth" when we mean they use bad language. The Greek use to mean speech was a little more direct.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. - However, the verb could also be in the form of possibility, "might."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
judge -- The term used here for "judge" is a much more complicated idea. Unlike most words, which Jesus uses specifically, he uses this word in a variety of senses simply because no English word corresponds to it precisely. He can mean "judge", "criticize", "decide", "discriminate," and "separate," depending on the context. The tense and mood is also hard to determine. It could be future, as translated, but it could also be present or the aorist. The mood could be indicative or it could be subjective, "might".
thee -The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
thou - This is from the vocative form of the noun that means it names the person being talked to.
wicked -- The word translated as "wicked" means "second-rate" or "worthless." This article explores it meaning in more detail. It is an adjective.
servant -- The noun translated as "servant" means "slave." It is translated as "servant" to update the Bible.
Thou -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.
knewest -- The word translated as "knew" means primarily "to see" and is used to mean "know' as we use the word "see" to mean "know" in English. It is the past perfect tense so "have seen" but it is translated as the present tense of "know." What someone "has seen" is what they "know" in the present. This is the pluperfect form, creating the past tense of know, knew.
that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause.
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
was - (WT) The verb "was" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is not the past tense so it should be "am". WT - Wrong Tense - The "was" indicates the past tense but the tense is present.
an -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
austere -- (CW) "Austere" is an adjective that Jesus only uses in this story. It means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". "Austere" is a kind interpretation of this word.
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples".
taking up -- "Taking up" is one of Christ's favorite "multiple meaning" words. It is a verb that means "to raise up", "elevate", "to bear", "to carry off", "to take and apply to any use," and "to cause to cease."Christ uses this verb to refer to what will happen to "the son of man," which can apply either to his being raised from the dead or lifted up on the cross. The form is a participle, taking.
that -- The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. The form is singular neutral.
laid -- The Greek word translated as "layedst...down" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," and "to place," but which has many related meanings as well.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.
down -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".
reaping -- The Greek word translated as "reaping " means "to do summer work" and "to reap."
that -- The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. The form is singular neutral.
did-- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English. It captures the past tense of the verb.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.
sow -- The Greek word translated as "thou didst...sow" means specifically to "sow seeds" and "to scatter" as in sowing seeds.
His master -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
replied-- (CW, WT) "Said" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach". Strangely, it is in the present tense. This word doesn't mean "replied." It is in the present tense.
missing "to him" -- (MW) The untranslated word "to him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of an indirect object.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates the verb is in the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. - However, the verb could also be in the form of possibility, "might."
judge -- The term used here for "judge" is a much more complicated idea. Unlike most words, which Jesus uses specifically, he uses this word in a variety of senses simply because no English word corresponds to it precisely. He can mean "judge", "criticize", "decide", "discriminate," and "separate," depending on the context. The tense and mood is also hard to determine. It could be future, as translated, but it could also be present or the aorist. The mood could be indicative or it could be subjective, "might".
you -The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.
by your own words,-- (PP) The Greek words meaning "out of that mouth of yours" here are not translated but instead their assumed meaning is paraphrased into different words. The Greek preposition translated as "out of" means "out of" or "from." In Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases with usually use with "of." The untranslated "that" is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. The Greek word translated as "mouth" is means "mouth" and therefore, "speech" or "utterance." In English, we say someone has a "foul mouth" when we mean they use bad language. The Greek use to mean speech was a little more direct. The "of yours" here is the singular, possessive (genitive) form the second-person pronoun. When it follows the noun, "of yours." As an object, it indicates movements or positions away from something.
you - This is from the vocative form of the noun that means it names the person being talked to.
wicked -- The word translated as "wicked" means "second-rate" or "worthless." This article explores it meaning in more detail. It is an adjective.
servant -- The noun translated as "servant" means "slave." It is translated as "servant" to update the Bible.
You -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.
knew-- The word translated as "knew" means primarily "to see" and is used to mean "know' as we use the word "see" to mean "know" in English. It is the past perfect tense so "have seen" but it is translated as the present tense of "know." What someone "has seen" is what they "know" in the present. This is the pluperfect form, creating the past tense of know, knew.
did you, -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause.
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
am - The verb "was" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is not the past tense so it should be "am".
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
hard -- (CW) "Austere" is an adjective that Jesus only uses in this story. It means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". "Austere" is a kind interpretation of this word.
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples".
taking up -- "Taking out" is one of Christ's favorite "multiple meaning" words. It is a verb that means "to raise up", "elevate", "to bear", "to carry off", "to take and apply to any use," and "to cause to cease."Christ uses this verb to refer to what will happen to "the son of man," which can apply either to his being raised from the dead or lifted up on the cross. The form is a participle, taking.
what -- The word translated as "what" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. The form is singular neutral.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
did -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.
put -- The Greek word translated as "put" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," and "to place," but which has many related meanings as well.
in -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".
reaping -- The Greek word translated as "reaping " means "to do summer work" and "to reap."
what -- The word translated as "what" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. The form is singular neutral.
did-- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English. It captures the past tense of the verb.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.
sow -- The Greek word translated as "thou didst...sow" means specifically to "sow seeds" and "to scatter" as in sowing seeds.
λέγει ( verb 3rd sg pres ind act ) "He said" is lego, which means "to recount", "to tell over", "to say", "to speak", "to teach", "to mean", "boast of", "tell of", "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself", "pick up", "gather", "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay", "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep."
αὐτῷ (adj sg masc dat) "Unto him" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there." --
Ἐκ (prep) "Out of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of", "from", "by", "away from;" 2) [of place] "beyond", "outside of", "beyond;" 3) [of succession] "after", "from;" 4) [of rest] "on", "in," 5) [of time] "since", "from", "at", "in;" 5) [of materials] "out of", "made from."
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg neut gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
στόματός ( noun sg neut gen ) "Mouth" is stoma, which means "mouth" and therefore, "speech" or "utterance." In English, we say someone has a "foul mouth" when we mean they use bad language. The Greek use to mean speech was a little more direct.
σου (adj sg masc gen) "Thy own" is sou which means "of you" and "your." --
κρίνω ( verb 1st sg pres/aor/fut ind/subj act ) "Judge" is krino, which primarily means "to separate", "to put asunder," and "to distinguish." It has a lot of other secondary meanings, including "to pick out", "to choose", "to decide" disputes or accounts, "to win" a battle, "to judge" especially in the sense of "estimate", "to expound," or "to interpret" in a particular way.
σε, (pron 2nd sg acc) "Thee" is from se, the second person singular accusative pronoun. --
πονηρὲ ( adj sg masc voc ) "Evil" is poneros, which means "burdened by toil", "useless," and "worthless." In a moral sense, it means "worthless", "base," and "cowardly."
δοῦλε: (noun sg masc voc ) "Servant" is doulos, which means a "slave," a "born bondsman," or "one made a slave." --
ᾔδεις ( verb 2nd sg plup ind act ) "Thou knowest" is eido which means "to see", "to examine", "to perceive", "to behold", "to know how to do", "to see with the mind's eye," and "to know."
ὅτι (adv/conj) "That" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that", "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what", "because", "since," and "wherefore."
ἐγὼ (pron 1st sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the first-person singular pronoun meaning "I". It also means "I at least", "for my part", "indeed," and for myself. -
ἄνθρωπος (noun sg masc nom) "Of man" is anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.
αὐστηρός [2 verses]( adj sg masc nom ) "Austere" is austēros, which means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". -- "Austere" is an adjective that Jesus only uses in this story. It means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter". "Austere" is a kind interpretation of this word.
εἰμι, (verb 1st sg pres ind act) "Was" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen", and "is possible." (The future form is esomai. The 3rd person present indicative is "esti.") -
αἴρων ( part sg pres act masc nom ) "Taking up" is airo, which means "to lift up", "to raise", "to raise up", "to exalt", "to lift and take away," and "to remove." In some forms, it is apaomai, which means to "pray to," or "pray for." --
ὃ (pro sg neut acc ) "That" is hos, which means "this", "that", "he", "she", "which", "what", "who", "whosoever", "where", "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
οὐκ (partic) "Not" is ou which is the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The other negative adverb, μή applies to will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective.
ἔθηκα ( verb 1st sg aor ind act ) "I laid...down" is tithemi which means "to put", "to place", "to propose", "to suggest", "o deposit", "to set up", "to dedicate", "to assign", "to award", "to agree upon", "to institute", "to establish", "to make", "to work", "to prepare oneself," "to bear arms [military]," "to lay down and surrender [military]," "to lay in the grave", "to bury," and "to put words on paper [writing]," and a metaphor for "to put in one's mind." --
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
θερίζων( verb 1st sg pres ind act ) "Reapest" is therizô (therizo), which means "to do summer work", "to reap", "to mow", "to cut off," and, in some areas, "to plunder." --
ὃ ( pron sg neut acc ) "That" is hos, which means "this", "that", "he", "she", "which", "what", "who", "whosoever", "where", "for which reason," and many similar meanings. -- The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.
οὐκ (partic) "Not" is ou which is the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The other negative adverb, μή applies to will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective.
ἔσπειρα; ( verb 1st sg aor ind act ) "Thou didst...sow" is speiro, which means "to sow a seed", "to beget offspring", "to scatter like a seed," and "to sow a field." --