Jesus meets ten lepers.One returned to give thanks for being cleansed. A Samaritan.
Luke 17:18 There are not found that returned to give glory to God, save this stranger.
Luke 17:18 Has no one returned to give praise to God except this foreigner?”
Are they not found returning to give recognition to the Divine except this non-Judean here?
This is a very straightforward question, but the English translations can't get it right. The KJV is not a question, but the negative used indicates a question that expects an affirmative answer. The NIV sees that it is a question but ignores the active verb that means "found." The humor is that the missing cure lepers need to be looked for in order to be found. It is a kind of sarcastic jab at those not returning. He doesn't expect thanks but them to recognize the power of the Divine.
The word translated as "stranger" and "foreigner" is only used here. It means "other-born" referring to someone of another race. It is somewhat racist but that was Jesus's point. Judeans were racist toward the Samaritans, even though they were related.
Favors granted of too often favors forgotten.
There(IW) are not(CW) found that(IW) returned(WF) to give glory(CW) to (MW) God, save this(CW) (MW) stranger(CW).
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "there " doesn't exist in the source.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "not" does not capture the specific meaning of the word, which is more extreme.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "that" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "returning."
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "glory" does not capture the word's more general meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "word" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not one of the common words usually translated as "stranger."
Has(WT) no one(IW) (MW) returned(WF) to give praise to (MW) God except this(CW) (MW) foreigner(CW)?”
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "has" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "one" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "found " after "one" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "returning."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "this" works better in this situation as "here."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "word" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not one of the common words usually translated as "foreigner."
There -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
are -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
not -- (CW) The word translated as "not" is a different form of the usual Greek negative of fact meaning "no truly," "assuredly not," "not however," "nevertheless," and "notwithstanding." This word often indicates a questions when not used with a subjective verb, one of feeling, thought, etc. Used in questions where an affirmative answer is expected. Used in answers where a "yes" must be supplied. Perhaps best translated as an "isn't it?" at the end of the sentence. The fact that ancient Greek has no clear verb form for questions makes interpreting it difficult. Th
found -- The term used for "found" is the source of our word, "heuristic," meaning enabling a person to find out something for themselves. It means "find out" and "discover."
that -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
returned - (WF) "Returned" is a verb which means "turn round or back," "roll up," "return," "turn away," and "elude." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "returning."
to -- This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
glory -- (CW) The Greek noun translated as "glory" means "expectation," "notion," "opinion," "repute," and "popular repute." Translations as "glory" or "splendor" are found primarily in translating the Bible. Though it can have both a positive ("shining reputation") and negative ("bad repute") in Greek, Jesus only uses it to describe the word's "magnificent" aspect. The verb form has the sense of "recognize," but "recognition" while positive in the sense of rewarding people simply means knowing them in the noun form. See this articlefor more.
to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God, -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." When used by Jesus and in the Septuagint to mean "God, it is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." The definite article identifies it as specific. When a definite article does not introduce it, it refers more generally to "divinity," the nature of God.
save - "Save" is from Two Greek words are translated as "save." Literally, they mean "if not" but this phrase is used to mean "except." In negative questions "instead...not" might work better.
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
stranger. -- (CW) "Stranger" is Greek noun Jesus only uses here that means " of another race". It is introduced with an article, so "this one of another race". This is not one of the common words usually translated as "stranger."
Has - -- (WT) This helping verb "has" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
no -- (CW) The word translated as "not" is a different form of the usual Greek negative of fact meaning "no truly," "assuredly not," "not however," "nevertheless," and "notwithstanding." This word often indicates a questions when not used with a subjective verb, one of feeling, thought, etc. Used in questions where an affirmative answer is expected. Used in answers where a "yes" must be supplied. Perhaps best translated as an "isn't it?" at the end of the sentence. The fact that ancient Greek has no clear verb form for questions makes interpreting it difficult.
one -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "found" -- (MW) The untranslated word "found" is the source of our word, "heuristic," meaning enabling a person to find out something for themselves. It means "find out" and "discover."
returned - (WF) "Returned" is a verb which means "turn round or back," "roll up," "return," "turn away," and "elude." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "returning."
to -- This "to" is added to create the infinitive form of the following verb.
give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
praise -- The Greek noun translated as "praise" means "expectation," "notion," "opinion," "repute," and "popular repute." Translations as "glory" or "splendor" are found primarily in translating the Bible. Though it can have both a positive ("shining reputation") and negative ("bad repute") in Greek, Jesus only uses it to describe the word's "magnificent" aspect. The verb form has the sense of "recognize," but "recognition" while positive in the sense of rewarding people simply means knowing them in the noun form. See this articlefor more.
to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God, -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." When used by Jesus and in the Septuagint to mean "God, it is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." The definite article identifies it as specific. When a definite article does not introduce it, it refers more generally to "divinity," the nature of God.
except - "Except"is from Two Greek words are translated as "save." Literally, they mean "if not" but this phrase is used to mean "except." In negative questions "instead...not" might work better.
this -- (CW) The "this" is a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer, "here," or "there." It often follows the noun to further identify it as the one "here" or there." When preceded by a definite article that also functions as a "this," this word more clearly means "here."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
foreigner. -- (CW) "Foreigner" is Greek noun Jesus only uses here that means " of another race". It is introduced with an article, so "this one of another race". This is not one of the common words usually translated as "foreigner."
οὐχ [23 verses](partic) "Not" is ouchi, an adverb which means "no," "no truly," "assuredly not," "not however," "nevertheless," "notwithstanding," "yet," "still," "never yet," "for not," "indeed," "for surely not," "no,—certainly not," "for I don't suppose," and "for in no manner." Sometimes it is used to create negative questions where a positive answer is expected.
εὑρέθησαν [43 verses] ( verb 3rd pl aor ind pass ) "Found" is heurisko, which means "to find," "to find out," "to discover," "to devise," "to invent," "to get," and "to gain."
ὑποστρέψαντες [4 verses]( part pl aor act masc nom ) "That returned" is hypostrepho, which means "turn round or back," "roll up," "return," "turn away," and "elude."
δοῦναι [147 verses] ( verb aor inf act ) "To give" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
δόξαν[26 verses] noun sg fem acc ) "Glory" is doxa, is doxa, which means "expectation," "notion," "opinion," "repute," and "popular repute." Translations as "glory" or "splendor" are found primarily in translating the Bible. The words "recognition," "honor." and "reputation" come closest to capturing the Greek word, but Jesus uses it only in the most positive sense so "prominence" may come closest.
τῷ [821 verses](article sg masc dat) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
θεῷ [144 verses] ( noun sg masc dat ) "God" is theos, which means "God," "divine," and "Deity."
εἰ μὴ [14 verses](conj particle) "Save" is ei me, which is the conjunction that means "if not," and "except." It is also used to create negative questions when the subjective negative would be used in the direct negative question. In negative questions "instead...not" might work better. εἰ is the particle use with the imperative usually to express conditions "if" or indirect questions, "whether." Used with the historical present (present tense in past time) to express unfulfilled conditions and with aorist to refer the past. The mê (me) is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no." Followed by an ἀλλὰ clause, the sense is "if not" some word related to time, "at least still," and without the reference time, "at least"
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." --
ἀλλογενὴς [1 verse]( adj sg masc nom ) "Stranger" is allogenēs , which means "Stranger" is Greek noun Jesus only uses here that means " of another race". It is introduced with an article, so "this one of another race".
οὗτός [83 verses](adj sg masc nom) "This" is houtos, which as an adjective means "this," "that," "the nearer." When οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things ἐκεῖνος, which normally means "the nearer" as well belongs to the more remote, "the latter" in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to "the nearer"