And -- The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "however" and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.  KJV translators regularly change it to "and" when they don't see the adversarial nature of the statement. This may be because Jesus is answering a question that was not recorded. This word doesn't mean "and".  

take heed -- The word translated as "take heed" means "hold to", "offer", "turn toward", "attend to", "pay attention" and "be on your guard against". Its root is the Greek word meaning "have" and "hold". It works somewhat like our phrase "hold fast" or simply "hold on". It is a command to the group of listeners.

to -- This word "to" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with", "in", "of", "as", "by", "for", "at" or "on", depending on the context.

yourselves -- "Yourselves" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself", "herself" and so on. However, it cannot mean "yourselves". This is because the verb is not in the proper form. Greek has a special form for verbs where the subject acts on themselves and it  isn't used here. This pronoun likely refers to something in the question asked of him. A question about "hearts", possibly.

lest --  The negative "lest" used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. This is not the Greek word combination normally translated as "lest". The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, verbs of possibility, and requests.   

at any time -- The "at any time" is from an adverb meaning "when", "at what time", "at some time or other", "at some unknown time and "at some time in the future".

your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours".

missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

hearts -- "Hearts" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here. However, this phrase can be read as defining the "heart" and both the "soul" and "the mind".

be -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

overcharged --  "Overcharged" is verb Jesus only uses here that means to "weigh down", "depress", "debit" or "charge" (an account), "heavy" and "pregnant". It only means "charge" in the sense of charging an account. The idea of electric charges didn't exist at the time. The form is passive in the form of possibility, something that might happen.

with  -- The word translated as "in" also means "within", "with" or "among".

surfeiting  -- "Surfeiting", which means acting in excess, is from a unique Latin word, the only purely Latin word so far in this study. The word means "excessive drinking", "overindulgence" and "intoxication". This word is not Greek but a Latin word spelled in Greek letters.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".

drunkenness -- "Drunkenness" is another unique word, this one Greek, that means "strong drink" and "drunkenness".

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".

cares  -- "Cares" is translated from a Greek word that means "care", "thought" or "concern". It has most of the sense of the way we use "worry" in English. However, it is single, not plural.

of this -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. 

life -- (WF) "Life" is yet another unique word. It is not one of the several common words that mean life that Jesus uses (see this article).  This word is an adjective that means "full of life", "lively" and "of life". It specifically refers to life of the body. It is from a root word that Jesus uses elsewhere that means "livelihood", and "means of living", in the sense of supporting yourself and your family. It is the adjective form of a Greek word normally translated as "life". This is not a noun but an adjective. 

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also".

so -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. 

that -- (CW) The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there". So it means "there", "here" or "then". Used as a pronoun, the sense is "that one there" or "this one here".

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the", which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these" and "those"). See this article for more. 

day -- The Greek word translated as "day" also means "time", in general, and refers specifically to the "daytime". This word comes later in the sentence, after the verb.

come --"Come" is another unique word for Jesus.  It is not the word commonly translated as "come". This word means to "set upon", "place upon", "cause", "set up", and so on. This word starts the sentence and is in the form of possibility so it would be heard as "it might put upon."

upon -- The word translated as "upon" means "on", "over", "upon", "against", "before", "after", "during", "by" or "on". This is a repeated word because it already appeared in the prefix of the verb translated as "come".

you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object.  

unawares -- (CW) "Unawares" is another unique word that means "unforeseen" and "sudden". It is an adjective that comes before "day" modifying it, so "unforeseen day". This doesn't modify "you" but "day". This word doesn't precisely mean "unawares".

missing "as a trap"  -- (OS) The untranslated word "as a trap". There are two words used in the next verse that are, in the Greek, clearly part of this verse. We will explain why in the next article, but these words mean "as a trap".  The word translated as "as" has a very broad meaning, translating as "how", "when", "where", "just as", "like" and related words.  "A trap" is from a Greek word Jesus only uses here that means "trap" and, metaphorically, "snare".