How  -- (WW) The word translated as "how" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why". This is not one of the many words usually translated as "how." 

is it that  -- The word translated as "is it that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," "seeing that," "that," and "wherefore." With the previous pronoun, it means "why is that" or more simply, "why."  Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. Another common word is used for "for."

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.

sought -- The Greek verb translated as "sought" has a variety of meanings around the idea of "searching" and "desiring". It has a sense of seeking with a specific aim.

me? -- "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek.

wist -- The verb translated as "wist" (an old English terms meaning "to have knowledge")  -means primarily "to see" and is used to mean "know' as we use the word "see" to mean "know" in English. It is the past perfect tense so "have seen" but it is translated as the present tense of "know."  What someone "has seen" is what they "know" in the present. This is the pluperfect tense, so the sense is "knew." "Wist" is the past tense of "wit."

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.

that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," "seeing that," "that," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. Another common word is used for "for."

I -- (WF) "I" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the form of an object, "me," not a subject, "I.

must -- The Greek verb translated as "must" is a special verb that means  "it is needful," and "there is a need." It is always singular referring to a specific moment in the past, present, or future. It works something like our word "must" but its form is fixed. So there is no "I" in this verb, just necessity itself. 

be -- (WF) The verb "be" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The form here is an infinitive, "to be," which acts like a noun in Greek.

about -- (WW) The word translated as "about" also means "within", "with," or "among."

my -- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. This pronoun follows the noun so "of mine."

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

Father's --  "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. It is in the possessive form.

business? -- (WW, WN) The word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." This is the object of the preposition "in" above. It is plural. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. The sense of "among these."